Penurunan Ketebalan Kartilago Sendi Temporomandibula pada Tikus Wistar dengan Diabetes Melitus dan Periodontitis

Abstract

Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a systemic condition when the blood sugar levels increase. DM is associated with several oral diseases, for example periodontitis. They have reciprocal effects that exacerbate each other. DM and periodontitis can increase the inflammatory responses which lead to tissue destruction, such as in the temporomandibular joint (TMJ). TMJ is a joint that play an important role in the mastication process and daily nutrient intake. TMJ cartilage is a tissue that plays a role in facilitating jaw movement. Objective: This study aims to analyze the reduction in TMJ cartilage thickness in Wistar rats with DM and periodontitis. Methods: This research used in vivo laboratory experimental with a post-test only control group design. This study used male Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus) weigh 200-250 grams. The experimental animals were divided into 4 research groups: control group, DM group, periodontitis group, and DM with periodontitis group. DM rats were intraperitoneal injected by streptozotocin (45 mg/kg BW), while periodontitis rats were injected by a suspension of Porphyromonas gingivalis with concentration of 0.5 McFarland (1.5 x 108 CFU/mL). The rats' TMJ tissues were collected and processed into histological object glass with hematoxylin and eosin staining. The thickness of TMJ's cartilage data was analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis test, followed by the Mann-Whitney test. Result: The results showed a significant difference between each research group. DM and periodontitis trigger an inflammatory response in the TMJ tissue which causes an increase in MMPs and destruction of the TMJ cartilage matrix. Conclusion: The conclusion from this research is that there is a reduction in TMJ cartilage thickness observed in rats with DM and periodontitis.