Pengaruh Konsentrasi Bap terhadap Regenerasi Kalus Tanaman Porang (Amorphophallus Muelleri Blume) dari Hasil Kultur Suspensi

Abstract

Porang Plant (Amorphophallus muelleri Blume) is a tuberous plant belonging to the Araceae family and is often referred to as iles-iles. The porang plant originates from Indonesia and can only thrive in tropical and subtropical regions. It produces carbohydrates, vitamins, proteins, dietary fibers, and minerals in its single tuber. The high content of glucomannan in the porang tuber makes it suitable for use as food, cosmetics, and export for industrial raw materials. Porang can be propagated conventionally using tubers (vegetative) or seeds (generative). However, generative propagation using seeds undergoes a dormant period of 1 to 2 months. Dormancy is a state where living organisms stop growing. The dormancy period is believed to be influenced by genetic factors and has an active period that occurs during the rainy season. Additionally, seed growth is not uniform. Since each plant has totipotent characteristics, where all plant parts can regenerate into a whole plant, this can only be achieved with specific technologies, such as tissue culture. The research was conducted from January 2023 to May 2023, specifically at the Tissue Culture Laboratory, Agronomy Study Program, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Jember. The material used in the study was porang plant callus from suspension culture. The callus was regenerated by adding the plant growth regulator BAP (Benzylaminopurine) at concentrations of 1 mg/L, 2 mg/L, 3 mg/L, and 4 mg/L. The research process involved propagating the callus from the suspension culture, preparing the media and equipment, and sterilizing them using an autoclave at 121°C for 60 minutes. The planting was done in a Laminar air flow by taking the callus fragments from the proliferation of the suspension culture. The regeneration media were placed on an incubation rack under conditions of 22–25°C temperature and 16 hours of light per day. The observed variables included the number of green spots, shoot initiation, the number of shoots, and shoot height. The results of the research showed that the application of the plant growth regulator BAP had no significant effect. The highest percentage of green spots in the callus was observed in the treatment with 1 mg/L BAP. The fastest shoot initiation was observed in the treatment with 3 mg/L BAP. The highest average number of shoots was obtained using 2 mg/L BAP and 3 mg/L BAP. The best shoot height was observed in the treatment with 2 mg/L BAP.