Penurunan Jumlah Fibroblas pada Diskus Artikularis Temporomandibular Joint (TMJ) yang Mengalami Disharmoni Oklusi

Abstract

Temporomandibular Joint Disorder (TMD) is a structural condition affecting the TMJ, potentially impacting an individual's quality of life. Excessive pressure, often stemming from occlusion disharmony, is a key etiology of TMD. This heightened pressure can induce an inflammatory response within the TMJ, particularly affecting the TMJ articular disc responsible for absorbing pressure. Inflammation prompts the release of degradation enzymes, leading to damage in the fibroblast-rich matrix constituting the TMJ disc. This study aimed to examine the decrease in the number of fibroblasts in TMJ that experienced occlusion disharmony assess the repercussions of occlusion disharmony on the TMJ disc, providing insights crucial for preventing TMD. Male Rattus norvegicus rat, aged 12-14 weeks, weighing 200-250 grams, and in good health, were utilized. The animals were divided into four groups: a control group and treatment groups on days 7, 14, and 21. The treatment involved reducing occlusion on all right molars by approximately 1 mm without perforation using a low-speed diamond fissure bur. Histological preparations and HE staining of TMJ tissues were conducted to observe fibroblast numbers in the TMJ disc. Statistical analysis using One-Way Anova followed by post hoc (LSD) revealed significant differences (p<0.005) between the control and treatment groups. There was a significant difference (p<0.005) between the control group and all treatment groups, specifically the 7th and 14th-day groups. However, no significant difference was observed between the 14th and 21st-day groups. In conclusion, occlusion disharmony can initiate TMJ disc degradation, leading to a decrease in fibroblast numbers within the TMJ disc.