Perbedaan Antibakteri Pada Ekstrak Daun Singkong (Manihot esculenta Crantz) Bersianida Dan Non-Sianida Terhadap Pertumbuhan Porphyromonas gingivalis

Abstract

Introduction: Periodontitis is the second most common oral disease in Indonesia with a prevalence of 74.1%. Periodontitis is an inflammatory disease of the periodontal tissues caused by Porphyromonas gingivalis. The addition of antibiotics, such as metronidazole, is needed for treatment of periodontitis, but antibiotics cause side effects so natural alternatives are needed, such as cassava leaves (Manihot esculenta Crantz) which contain antibacterial compounds. However, cassava leaves contain hydrogen cyanide (HCN), a toxic compound, so it needs to be removed. This study aims to analyze the difference of the antibacterial between cyanide and non-cyanide cassava leaf extracts against Porphyromonas gingivalis. Methods: The study was conducted in vitro with a post-test only control group design. Identified cassava leaves were extracted by maceration method to obtain cyanide cassava leaf extract, while non-cyanide cassava leaf extract was continued with a soaking process and addition of AgNO3. Each group of extracts was made into doses of 50, 100, and 200 µg/mL. The whole group was tested by disk diffusion method and compared with the positive control, namely metronidazole, and negative control, namely propylene glycol. The data were tested for normality using the Shapiro-Wilk test and homogeneity using the Levene test. Furthermore, Kruskal Wallis and Mann Whitney tests were conducted to test the difference between the two extract groups. Results: There was a zone of inhibition around the disc paper in all cassava leaf extract groups indicating the inhibition of P. gingivalis growth. Statistical results showed a significant difference between cyanide and non-cyanide cassava leaf extract for all doses (p=0.021). Conclusion: There is a difference in antibacterial between cyanide and non-cyanide cassava leaf extracts against P. gingivalis growth.