Induksi dan Kultur Suspensi Friable Embryogenic Callus Ubi Kayu (Manihot esculenta) Menggunakan Kultivar Lokal dan Jenis Auksin yang Berbeda

Abstract

Cassava has become one of the prioritized commodities for development by the government and is a relatively easy crop to cultivate. However, there are several challenges in generating embryogenic callus, such as the genotypes of the plants and the exploration of methods and protocols for FEC induction from various cassava cultivars. The research was conducted at the Laboratory of Ecophysiology and Tissue Culture, Faculty of Agriculture, from November 2022 to June 2023. The study involved started from in vitro culture multiplication of cassava plants, callus induction from swollen structures formed by the development of auxiliary buds, followed by FEC induction from several cultivars, namely Kaspro (V1), Ketan (V2), and Kuning (V3) on GD media. This was followed by proliferation in suspension culture with the application of auxin plant growth regulators (PGR), namely picloram at 12 mg/L (P1), 20 mg/L (P2), and 2,4-D at 12 mg/L (P3). The results of the study showed that the callus response of local cultivars resulted in FEC with similar proliferation capabilities, as observed through variables such as suspension volume, fresh weight, and cell viability because of FEC was selected on solid medium before suspension. The level of callus proliferation with different types of auxin showed differences in the growth of FEC suspension based on the increase in fresh weight, with P1 treatment resulting in an average fresh weight of 1.19 grams. The callus response indicated there was interaction between the use of different cultivar types when applied simultaneously with different types of auxin, resulting in the highest fresh weight in the V2P1 treatment, which was 0.64 grams.