Persepsi dan Perilaku Petani Tembakau Terhadap Dampak Perubahan Iklim di Indonesia

Abstract

The tobacco commodity plays a crucial role in the plantation sub-sector and trade sector, providing significant contributions to state revenue and regional development, particularly through excise taxes. However, tobacco farmers face considerable challenges due to climate change and the resulting weather uncertainty, which hinders their ability to predict and plan for optimal crop production. Preventing the negative impacts of climate change can be achieved through adaptive behaviors that rely on the understanding and knowledge of farmers. However, farmers' perceptions of climate change in agricultural areas may vary depending on their individual perspectives. Therefore, this study investigates the perceptions and behavior of Indonesian tobacco farmers towards the impact of climate change. The research location was selected purposively in Indonesia, acknowledging the strong influence of climate change on tobacco farming in the country. Data from the 2014 Plantation Household Survey (SKB 2014), employing sampling methods used by the Central Bureau of Statistics (BPS), were utilized for analysis. The research method used is a mixed methods approach, which involves the combination of quantitative and qualitative methods. Binary logistic regression and descriptive analysis using the Guttman scale were employed to evaluate the data. The findings reveal that farmers' perceptions of climate change impacts remain limited, with only 14.37% of tobacco farmers affected, while 85.63% are unaffected. Notably, natural disasters such as landslides and earthquakes constitute the primary climate change impacts experienced by tobacco farmers. Education level, planting area, land ownership, extension services, and land type emerged as significant factors influencing tobacco farmers' perceptions of climate change impacts. Moreover, farmers exhibit low levels of adaptation behavior in response to climate change. Overall, farmers engage in two main adaptation practices, namely regular planting methods and an increased utilization of organic fertilizers.