Literature Review: Gambaran Gangguan Pertukaran Gas pada Penderita COVID-19 dengan Penyakit Komorbid Hipertensi

Abstract

Comorbid hypertension can be the reason of COVID-19 patients experiencing severe inflammation. COVID-19, which mainly attacks the alveoli, causes patients have severe gas exchange disorders and increase the mortality rate. Objective: This review study aimed to identify prevalence of COVID-19 and hypertension patients, major and minor signs of impaired gas exchange in COVID-19 patients with comorbid hypertension. Methods: A literature review searched five electronics databases (Google Scholar, Science Direct, ProQuest, Nature, and SpringerLink) with keywords Impaired gas exchange, COVID-19, and Hypertension published between 2019-2022. Result and Analysis: We found ten studies which met inclusion criteria in the review. Included studies were divided into two broad thematic areas regarding, condition of COVID-19 patients with comorbid hypertension who have impaired gas exchange (n=4) and COVID-19 with comorbid hypertension who have symptoms of impaired gas exchange (n=6). The majority of design studies that contributed to this review were case studies and cohort studies. The average number of participants were more than 200 overall for every study and discussed impaired gas exchange in COVID-19 patients with comorbid hypertension Discussion and conclusion: Most of the critically ill COVID-19 patients with comorbid hypertension have impaired gas exchange with the main symptoms of dyspnea, respiratory acidosis with lab results of low PaO2 levels, high PaCO2, high HCO3, and pH levels less than 7.40, tachycardia, and, breath sounds addition. Some patients also experience signs and symptoms dizziness, blurred vision, cyanosis, diaphoresis, restlessness, nostril breathing, abnormal breathing patterns, abnormal skin color, decreased consciousness