Konservasi Kawasan Taman Nasional Baluran 1980-2017

Abstract

This research is an environmental history study that discusses the Conservation of the Baluran National Park Area 1980-2017. The purpose of the study is to find out the conditions before the establishment of the national park until the HKAN activities were carried out in Situbondo Regency. The method used is the historical method, namely topic selection, heuristics, verification criticism, interpretation, and historiography. Environmental history can include ecological conditions, the role of officers and the community in supporting villages so that they use the political ecology approach and conservation theory from M. Wells as a writing reference. The results showed that before 1980 Baluran became the best place for banteng with 40% of its area being savanna, after the establishment of the national park it decreased until 2007 almost extinct 15-20 individuals left, efforts made to protect banteng resulted in wild buffalo being considered as pests and sparring. of the ecosystem. As a result, the ecosystem in the savanna is disturbed, coupled with the rapid invasiveness of accasia nilotica. This is exacerbated by the activities of the nener catcher community, illegal grazing and hunting, resulting in massive forest fires. The high threat to the environment has forced the Indonesian government to empower the surrounding community, there are two models of empowerment that reflect the two major periods of Indonesian history, namely the New Order and the Reformation Order. namely increasing knowledge, skills and attitudes. Such as with the help of the turtledove cultivation group, the development of mango plants, and the manufacture of silage stoves. This caused the Reformation Order to change the bottom-up model for empowerment which underwent adjustments to machine assistance, livestock assistance, rice and corn threshing assistance. 2017 holding HKAN in Baluran shows the success of ecosystem restoration, thus conservation in Baluran was able to improve the community's economy and raise environmental awareness.