The Preventive Effects of MOCAF-based Analog Rice on The Pathogenesis of T1DM Through Improvement Gut Microbiota Composition

Abstract

Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is caused by an autoimmune reaction which is cause destruction of the pancreatic β-cells. Diet plays a role in that reaction because it causes alterations in the gut microbiota (GM) composition then stimulate pathogenesis of T1DM. The aim of this paper is describe the preventive effects of modified cassava flour (MOCAF)-based analog rice (MBAR) on the pathogenesis of T1DM. This paper is a literature review through a literature search in scientific journals that explains about diet and pathogenesis of T1DM. MBAR contains high fiber and resistant starch (RS). Fiber and RS increase the number of profitable GMs, on the contrary, lowering harmful GMs. Profitable GMs such as Lactobacilli may ferment fiber and RS then produce short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and mucin. The SCFAs may stimulate glucagon-like peptide production that has protection effect of β-cells from apoptosis, while the mucin has a protective effect of the integrity of the gut epithelium. Some of the GMs antigens stimulate an autoimmune reaction through T lymphocytes. The others produce flagellins and peptidoglycans that trigger T1DM through a local chronic inflamation. It can be concluded that the MBAR may prevent the pathogenesis of T1DM through improvement gut microbiota composition.