Chest Physioterapy in Children with Pneumonia: A Literature Review

Abstract

Pneumonia is the cause of acute inflammation or infection lungs caused by infectious agents (bacteria, viruses, fungi, and aspirated objects foreign), which stimulates a response resulting in damage to the lung tissue (alveoli). Inflammation increases mucosal production so that it occurs cough reflex that occurs in children. The onset of a productive cough will accumulate the secretory output, but the child cannot independently take it out. It will result in more and more accumulated secretions attached to the lungs. Chest physiotherapy plays a role in cleansing accumulated secretions and improving respiratory status, thereby decreasing road resistance breath, improving gas exchange, and making breathing easier. Purpose: The literature review aims to explain chest physiotherapy on respiratory status Children under five with pneumonia with nursing problems ineffective airway clearance. Methods: A literature review using the PRISMA checklist and PICOS in selection determines inclusion criteria. How to collect data using several electronic databases, including Springer Link, PubMed, Science Direct, Taylor & Francis, and Scholar Total found 716, after screening from 2015-2020. One hundred sixty-three articles do not fit into the study area. After that, select items by title and abstracts totaling 147 articles. Articles other than in English and Indonesian, there is 1 article. And article number 9 is not full text. Total papers which can be reviewed totaling seven articles. Results: Children gave chest physiotherapy intervention under five with pneumonia or toddler age. Chest physiotherapy is carried out by administering 20-30 minutes of sessions with a frequency of 2-3 times a day. Awarded in morning and evening or before going to bed on condition that there are problems with status respiration and met inclusion criteria. Conclusion: Chest physiotherapy is significantly affected the respiratory status of children under five with ineffectiveness problems; airway clearance is more effective when combined with other methods such as with a combination of nebulation and infrared.