A Kinetic Study on Supercritical Carbon-dioxide Extraction of Indonesian Trigona sp. Propolis

Abstract

This work is to investigate the supercritical CO2 extraction of Indonesian Trigona sp. raw propolis. The kinetic study was conducted at CO2 mass flowrate of 15 g/min, the temperature of 50 °C and pressure (250-350 bar). The process was run for 3 h and the extract was accumulated every 30 min. The proposed mathematical extraction models were Sovova, Logistic and Reverchon. The result shows that Sovova model gives a good fit between calculated and data value. The Sovova model also has lower SSE than Logistic and Reverchon model. The highest extract of 46 wt% was achieved at extraction time of 60 min, the temperature of 50 °C, the mass CO2 flowrate 20 g/min and the pressure 300 bar. The extract constituent consisting of galangin, p-coumaric acid, ferulic acid, caffeic acid, cinnamic acid, kaempferol, and chrysin was detected by HPLC analysis. The antioxidant activity analyzed by DPPH method was expressed as IC50 and the value is comparable to ascorbic acid.