Fakultas Farmasi
https://repository.unej.ac.id/xmlui/handle/123456789/140
2024-03-28T18:18:21ZRevealing Indigenous Indonesian Traditional Medicine: Anti-infective Agents
https://repository.unej.ac.id/xmlui/handle/123456789/84813
Revealing Indigenous Indonesian Traditional Medicine: Anti-infective Agents
Ari S. Nugraha; Paul A. Keller
Indonesia is rich in medicinal plants which the population has used traditionally from generation to generation for curing diseases. Our interest in the treatment of infectious diseases has lead to the investigation of traditional Indonesian treatments. In this review, we present a comprehensive review of ethnopharmacologically directed screening in Indonesian medicinal plants to search for new anti-viral, antimalarial, anti-bacterial and anti-fungal agents. Some potent drug leads have been isolated from Indonesian medicinal plants. Further research is still required for the lead development as well as the search for new bioactive compounds from the enormous medicinal plant resources.
2018-03-22T00:00:00ZGLOBAL PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRIES, DRUGS EXPLORATION AND PATENTING: IMPACT ON DEVELOPING COUNTRIES
https://repository.unej.ac.id/xmlui/handle/123456789/84811
GLOBAL PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRIES, DRUGS EXPLORATION AND PATENTING: IMPACT ON DEVELOPING COUNTRIES
Ari S. Nugraha
Globalization has contributed to the development of pharmaceutical industries in terms of medical exploration and trade among countries around the world. A number of pharmaceutical companies have been established throughout the world and become international businesses. Nowadays, pharmaceutical businesses in developed countries are more likely to embrace global agreement on intellectual properties and trade designed to keep competition fair. Multinational Pharmaceutical Companies (most of them are from developed countries) play a large role in both drug development and supply. According to ABPI in 2004, more than 60% of the world’s drugs consumption is supplied by only 20 big pharmaceutical corporations. Can it be argued that multinational pharmaceutical companies give benefit for pharmaceutical companies and people in developing countries around the world? This article will focus on several negative impacts occurred on developing countries.
PHARMACY, Vol 02 No 05 Agustus 2007
2018-03-22T00:00:00ZEffects of methamphetamine and its primary human metabolite,p-hydroxymethamphetamine, on the development of the Australian blowfly Calliphora stygia
https://repository.unej.ac.id/xmlui/handle/123456789/84809
Effects of methamphetamine and its primary human metabolite,p-hydroxymethamphetamine, on the development of the Australian blowfly Calliphora stygia
Christina Mullany; Paul A.; Keller; Ari S. Nugraha; James F. Wallman
The larvae of necrophagous fly species are used as forensic tools for the determination
of the minimum postmortem interval (PMI). However, any ingested drugs in corpses may
affect larval development, thus leading to incorrect estimates of the period of infestation.
This study investigated the effects of methamphetamine and its metabolite, p-hydroxymethamphetamine, on the forensically important Australian blowfly Calliphora stygia. It was found that the presence of the drugs significantly accelerated larval growth and increased the size of all life stages. Furthermore, drug-exposed samples remained as pupae for up to 78h longer than controls. These findings suggest that estimates of the minimum PMI of methamphetamine-dosed corpses could be incorrect if the altered growth of C.stygia is not considered. Different temperatures, drug concentrations and substrate types are also likely to affect the development of this blowfly. Pending further research, the application of C. stygia to the entomological analysis of methamphetamine-related fatalities should be appropriately qualified.
2018-03-22T00:00:00ZStudi Pendahuluan Silika Amourf Sekam Padi Sebagai Scaffold Sintesis Bone Graft: Efeknya Terhadap Aktivitas Sel Osteoblast (in-vitro)
https://repository.unej.ac.id/xmlui/handle/123456789/63656
Studi Pendahuluan Silika Amourf Sekam Padi Sebagai Scaffold Sintesis Bone Graft: Efeknya Terhadap Aktivitas Sel Osteoblast (in-vitro)
Didin Erma Indahyani; Zahreni Hamzah; Pujiana Endah Lestari
Synthetic bone graft material was developed as a scaffold that serves to template the formation of bone. The ideal scaffold should be biodegradable, osteoindukctive, and osteoconductive. Silica proven to support and promote bone growth. Rice husk contains silica is quite high. The purpose of this study is to analyze the amorphous silica from rice husk as synthetic bone graft material (scaffold), particularly on osteoblast activity in vitro.
The research was conducted by isolating silica from rice husk.The results of isolation would be conditioned on the culture medium of primary osteoblasts. Primary osteoblast cultures derived from rat calvaria wistar age of 2 days, growing in Alpha-Modified Eagle Medium (α-MEM) (as a negative control), α-MEM in conditioning with silica 58s (as a positive control) and α-MEM that conditioned with silica from rice husk (as treatment group). Osteoblast activity was observed by analyzing the expression of alkaline phosphatase, using Alkaline phosphatase Kits at days 7 and 14.
The results obtained that the rice husk silica were significantly (p <0.05) has the expression of alkaline phosphatase higher than the control group and potitif group. This may imply that the amorphous silica of rice husk affects the increase in osteoblast activity in vitro.
It was concluded that rice husk silica increases osteoblast cell activity that is potentially as scaffold for bone graft synthetic material.
2015-09-29T00:00:00Z